Europe's central banks may come under political pressure, Panetta says

FRANKFURT - Central banks in Europe could come under growing pressure from governments facing rising demands for pension spending and industrial support, European Central Bank policymaker Fabio Panetta said on Monday.

Germany, France and Italy are all struggling to fund higher defence spending, reviving industry and sustaining welfare systems strained by ageing societies.

"My first reaction is thank God that we'll retire soon because I think we will be more and more under fiscal dominance," the Bank of Italy's governor said, referring to a situation in which government needs dictate monetary policy.

"If the voters are moving in that direction, I would not expect that the central bank can stop the waves," Panetta added after a presentation by Oxford University academic Beata Javorcik at an event in Rome.

Central banks play a key role in determining governments' borrowing costs, influencing short-term interest rates directly and bond yields through their market operations.

Panetta's remarks come amid signs of growing tensions between heavily indebted governments and their central banks, endangering decades of independence.

In Japan, Sanae Takaichi's ​government is trying to restore dovish policymakers to the Bank of Japan, in a shake-up aimed at slowing interest rate hikes.

The U.S. Supreme Court refused to let Donald Trump fire a Federal Reserve governor last week but left the U.S. central bank isolated as the only agency shielded from presidential power.

ECB President Christine Lagarde did not rule out having a role in next year's French presidential election, even if just to bring a European argument into national politics.

(Reporting by Francesco Canepa, Editing by William Maclean)

Copyright Reuters or USA Today Network via Reuters Connect.

This story was originally published July 6, 2026 at 1:07 PM.